Bladder Cancer

What is bladder cancer?

Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bladder mucosa. It is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system and one of the ten most common tumors of the whole body. Bladder cancer can occur at any age, even in children. Its incidence rate increases with age, and the high incidence age is 50 to 70. The incidence of bladder cancer in men is three to four times higher than that in women. According toworldcancer statistics, there will be approximately 573,000 new cases and 213,000 deaths in 2020. Malaysia has the third-highest bladder cancer mortality rate in Southeast Asia.

So can middle and late-staged bladder cancer be cured? Minimally invasive techniques with little side effects and trauma can help bladder cancer patients avoid surgical resection, avoid suffering from traditional radiotherapy, and effectively prolong the survival period.

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Bladder Cancer Traditional Treatment Methods

Surgical treatment Surgery to remove cancerous tissue and clean cervical lymph nodes that may have metastasis.
Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy for follicular adenocarcinoma
Chemotherapy Often used as palliative therapy for inoperable or distantly metastatic advanced cancer.
Chinese treatment Traditional Chinese medicine therapy can inhibit the development of cancer, improve the immune function of patients with thyroid cancer, and reduce the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Bladder Cancer Treatment Technology

Interventional Therapy

The classification of interventional therapy includes vascular interventional therapy and nonvascular interventional therapy. lnterventional therapy is a mini-invasive therapy performed under the guidance of medical imaging equipments.
With a 1-2 millimeter incision, paracentesis can be performed with the lead of medical imaging equipment. Then a special tube, catheter or other sophisticated apparatus are introduced to inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells, so as to cut off the tumor’s blood supply and reach the effect of local chemotherapy without any toxic side effects of chemotherapy.
Nanoknife Technology

Nanoknife is a brand-new cutting-edge ablation technology for tumor treatment. Derived from Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), it breaks the membrane of tumor cells with high voltage pulses from electrode probes, resulting in multiple irreversible nano-meter electroporated holes. Thus, it destroys the balance in and between tumor cells and accelerates their death.
Microwave Aablation

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a form of minimally invasive physical therapy with a high inactivation rate at present, which has been used in the treatment of liver cancer for more than 30 years. With the continuously development of MWA in recent years, it has been widely used in various kinds of cancer treatments and received very good effects. In MWA, a probe will be inserted into tumors, and micro electromagnetic waves will be released to destroy and ablate the cancerous tissues directly. Targeting clearly and affecting intensely on the tumor, MWA won’t produce obvious side effects to normal tissues.
Particle Knife

Particle implantation therapy, commonly known as "particle knife", is a minimally invasive treatment method newly invented by the international medical community in response to the inadequacy of surgery and external radiotherapy.
Firstly, according to the nature, size and location of the patient's tumor, the treatment calculates the appropriate ray energy and selects the appropriate particle dose; then under the guidance of imaging equipment, the 125 iodine particles are implanted into the tumor or the tissues infiltrated and invaded by the tumor, so that the γ-rays released by the 125I particles to the tumor can directly and accurately kill the cancer cells, and play the role of internal radiation therapy on the tumor to achieve the same effect of resection by the scalpel. It can achieve the same effect as scalpel excision.
Cryotherapy

Cryotherapy is generally known as an "extreme cold + extreme heat" cancer treatment, it actually is an importantablation techniaue, Generally, the Argon freezes the tumor lesions to 120°C~180'C below zero, which leads them tocoagulation necrosis; after that, the Helium rapidly heat up to 20’C~40'C to unfreeze the hard ice and lead blastingwhich induces cancer cell dehydration, rupture, anoxia, so as to kill cancer cells and destroy the tumor tissues. Thespeed and time of cooling and warming, as well as the size and shape of the puck, can be set and controlled.

MDT Team

: Song Shijun; Chief Expert of Oncology Department

: Dai Wenyan; Director of Oncology Department, Director of Breast Cancer Center Associate Chief Physician

: Ma Xiaoying; Director of Oncology Department

Bladder Cancer Symptoms

What symptoms of bladder cancer present?

Blood in urine. Bloody urine mostly occurs as intermittent or throughout the whole process of disease. It can also appear at the onset or by the end of a case. Some patients would have blood clots or slough-like tissues in urine.

Irritation of bladder. A patient would present the symptoms of urination frequency and urgency if a malignancy occurs in trigonum vesicae, or the lesion spreads or infection happens.

Urinary obstruction. The bigger tumor located in bladder neck and blood clots can arouse dribble urination or even urine retention. Tumor infiltration in ureteric orifice causing blockage in upper urinary tract would develop lumbar pain, hydronephrosis and damage of kidney functions.

Metastases. Pains in bladder, urethrovaginal fistula, edema in lower extremities, etc appear when advanced stage cancer invades tissues or organs around bladder and pelvic lymph nodes.

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Bladder Cancer Diagnosis

Detection of bladder cancer

Cystoscope, through which can directly find the location, size, quantity, shape and infiltration extent of cancer. Biopsy should also perform when having this examination.

CT scan. It can find the tumor and swelling lymph nodes in an accuracy of 80%.

Ultrasound B. It can detect the size, location and infiltration degree in mucosa when a patient is having full bladder, a status that the mucosa of bladder wall is fully extending.

Ray contrast examination. Through it can a doctor know the bladder is full or empty and the infiltration condition. Combining with pyelography and ureterography, hydronephrosis and infiltration condition of ureter can be confirmed.

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Bladder Cancer Staging

Staging of urinary bladder cancer

Stage 0: Cancer cells are found only on the inner lining of the bladder.

Stage I: Cancer cells have proliferated to the layer beyond the inner lining of the urinary bladder but not to the muscles of the urinary bladder.

Stage II: Cancer cells have proliferated to the muscles in the bladder wall but not to the fatty tissue that surrounds the urinary bladder.

Stage III: Cancer cells have invaded to the fatty tissue surrounding the urinary bladder and to the prostate gland, vagina, or uterus, but not to the lymph nodes or other organs.

Stage IV: Cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes, pelvic or abdominal wall, and/or other organs.

Recurrent: Cancer has recurred in the urinary bladder or in another nearby organ after having been treated.

>>For more knowledge about cancer, please consult our doctors online

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